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San Francisco - Wondering if we are alone in the universe has engaged minds through the ages. Add to the list Russian billionaire Yuri Milner, who announced on Monday that he plans to spend $100m to explore the idea.
Using some of the world's largest radio telescopes, a team of scientists handpicked by Milner will oversee an initiative he calls Breakthrough Listen, a 10-year search for radio signals that could indicate the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
"It's the most interesting technological question of our day," Milner said in an interview, noting that he became fascinated by the notion of extra-terrestrial life after reading astrophysicist Carl Sagan's Intelligent Life in the Universe as a 10-year-old in Moscow.
His funds to bankroll the project came from savvy early investments in start-ups such as Facebook.
Milner's motivation is his belief that other civilisations could teach us how to handle challenges such as allocating natural resources.
Funding boost
"If we're alone, we need to cherish what we have," he said. "The message is: The universe has no backup."
Scientists said the project dwarfs anything else in the field, known as the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Globally, less than $2m annually is spent on Seti, said Dan Werthimer, an adviser to Milner's project and the astrophysicist who directs the SETI@home project affiliated with the University of California in Berkeley.
Today, due to technology improvements, including in computing power and telescope sensitivity, $100m will go much farther than in the early 1990s, the last time Seti had significant funding, scientists said.
The advances allow scientists to monitor several billion radio frequencies at a time, instead of several million, and to search 10 times more sky than in the early 1990s.
But any signals the scientists detect will likely have been created years ago, perhaps even centuries or millennia earlier. Radio signals take four years simply to travel between Earth and the nearest star outside our solar system.
In 10 years, with his $100m, Milner figures scientists can listen for radio transmissions in the Milky Way galaxy, plus the 100 nearest galaxies.
One of the biggest costs lies in booking time at radio telescopes, including at Australia's Parkes Observatory in New South Wales and the Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia. Milner plans to book about two months a year at each site, a boon to scientists who normally might get two days a year on the telescopes.
The team, led by scientists such as Peter Worden, who until earlier this year directed the Nasa Ames Research Centre, will organise the radio signals they find, make the data public, and examine the data for patterns.
Radio signals
The goal lies less in understanding the signals than in establishing whether they were created by intelligent life rather than natural phenomena.
Scientists say the fact that humans have developed radio signalling makes it a good bet that others may use it as well.
"It doesn't tell you anything about the civilisation, but it tells you a civilisation is there," said Frank Drake, who with Carl Sagan sent the first physical message into space in 1972, the Pioneer plaques on board the Pioneer 10 US spacecraft. An adviser to Breakthrough Listen, Drake is also chair emeritus of the Seti Institute.
In addition to checking for radio signals, Breakthrough Listen will hunt for light-based signals using a telescope at the Lick Observatory in California.
Milner, creator of the Breakthrough Prize for scientific achievement, announced the initiative in London accompanied by scientists such as Stephen Hawking, the physicist and author. Hawking holds an advisory role on the project.
A physicist by training, Milner joins many successful entrepreneurs and investors with an interest in space, notably SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, who has said he would like to colonise Mars.
