US tax cuts seen giving modest growth boost, survey shows

About half of economists say fiscal policy changes will augment US growth by 0.2 to 0.39 percentage point in 2018, according to a survey of 51 forecasters by the National Association for Business Economics conducted November 6 to November 15. About one-fifth project a bigger gain and another fifth see no benefit to growth.

Since the survey was conducted, the Republican tax proposal has undergone numerous changes that could alter its impact on the economy, with the potential for further modifications during Senate and House negotiations before it heads for President Donald Trump’s signature.

Even with the bump, a slight majority anticipates a recession beginning sometime before the end of 2019, with most of that group seeing a business-cycle peak in the second half of that year. That compares with 48% who see the expansion running through at least 2020.

Economists were most likely to cite trade protectionism as a top risk to expansion, followed by a substantial stock-market decline and higher interest rates.

The effects on the economy from the tax plan, pushed by the Trump administration and congressional Republicans, has been a contentious topic.

Republicans have said that the additional growth unleashed by the legislation means the cuts pay for themselves by increasing revenues, many economists disagree. The White House says the package will trigger an investment boom by companies that will lift growth to a sustained 3% pace and make up for the loss of tax revenue from lower rates.

Less optimistic

At the time of the survey in early November, 76% of economists expected tax cuts to be enacted during the first half of 2018.

They were less optimistic on the prospects of an infrastructure-spending program from the Trump administration, with just 35% expecting one to get done in 2018 and 37% saying it won’t happen during the current presidential term. For 2019, 44% see a bump to growth of 0.2 to 0.39 percentage point, but roughly the same proportion expects a smaller boost or none at all.

Economists at Goldman Sachs said in a note the US Congress will probably pass tax-cut legislation within the next two weeks, providing a boost to economic growth of about 0.3 percentage points for next year and 2019.

Nafta talks

In another question, most economists said the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement will have either a marginal effect or no impact on the US economy. Twenty-five percent expect the results of the talks to be marginally positive, while an equal proportion expect it to be marginally negative and 19% predict zero net benefit.

Trump has threatened to pull out of the 23-year-old accord if Mexico and Canada don’t bow to US demands.

Economists were split on the reasons US wage growth has remained weak even as the job market tightens. About 30% blamed poor productivity growth, while 27% pointed to low inflation and 19% cited an aging population.