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Australia faces record economic contraction, even as it plans to lift lockdown

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Australia's central bank has predicted that the country is facing its biggest economic contraction on record and says it is committed to supporting jobs and incomes as the government announces plans to relax pandemic-related restrictions by July.

In its quarterly statement on monetary policy on Friday, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) forecast that the two trillion Australian dollar economy would shrink by 10% in the first half of the year, marking the first recession in 30 years.

Australia saw a spike in the number of Covid-19 cases from less than 100 in March to more than 6,900 now. In a bid to contain the spread, it closed borders and announced strict mobility and "social distancing" curbs, prompting many businesses to close down and announce significant layoffs.

The government estimates that the shutdowns have cost the economy four billion Australian dollars a week and has splashed out billions of dollars to support growth and jobs.

To support activity, the RBA cut interest rates to a record low of 0.25% in an emergency meeting in March and launched an unlimited quantitative easing programme to keep borrowing costs low for banks and consumers.

Aggressive support

Despite the aggressive monetary and fiscal support, the RBA expects the annual gross domestic product (GDP) to shrink 6% this year, the unemployment rate to hit 10% by June and remain near 7.5 percent through 2021.

Consumer prices are expected to turn negative in the June quarter before returning to modest inflation by year-end.

The RBA said the speed and timing of economic recovery is very uncertain beyond the next few months.

Indeed, Australia's banks have deferred payments on at least 200 billion Australian dollars in loans, reflecting the financial pain felt by businesses and individuals, a banking body said on Friday.

Governor Philip Lowe said it was "possible to contemplate an upside scenario where most domestic restrictions on activity are relaxed a little sooner and the economy recovers somewhat faster than in the baseline scenario".

With fewer than 20 new infections reported each day, Australia's Prime Minister Scott Morrison on Friday announced a three-stage plan to fully reopen the economy by July if the virus remains contained.

"We cannot allow our fear of going backwards from stopping us from going forwards," Morrison said at a news conference.

Australia's cafes, restaurants, gyms and cinemas will open in stages, gatherings of up to 100 people will be allowed and interstate travel will be permitted, he added.

"This is the plan for a Covid-safe Australia," he said holding up a flyer with the three steps. "This will get us back [to] where we need to be, as quickly as we can."

The RBA's baseline scenario for unemployment to stay at 7.5 percent and underlying inflation to undershoot its medium-term 2-3 percent target suggests the cash rate will remain at record lows for some time.

Meanwhile, some economists said the RBA's GDP forecast for a 2021 rebound is optimistic.

"We are more cautious around the recovery amid higher unemployment, a paring back in income support and assistance by end September, lower net migration, and numerous structural headwinds – elevated household debt, low productivity, and stagnant wages," RBC economist Su-Lin Ong said.

"We also wonder what the 'new normal' post-Covid-19 looks like, including more permanent changes in expenditure and saving."

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