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London - The Bank of England moved to head off the risk of a bubble in house prices on Thursday, making a surprise announcement that it would heavily scale back a scheme launched last year to boost mortgage lending.
Britain's economy and its housing market have staged an unexpectedly strong turnaround since the BoE launched the Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) with the finance ministry in July 2012 to help increase lending to home-buyers and businesses.
The FLS scheme will now focus solely on enabling greater lending to small firms that still find it hard to borrow.
BoE Governor Mark Carney said the Bank was ready to take larger measures to control the housing market if needed.
"We did not see an immediate threat coming from the housing market, but we are concerned about the prospective evolution of the housing market," he told reporters.
"The concern is where this could go because we definitely see some short-term momentum."
Price bubble
Carney said the changes to the FLS did not have implications for a separate government scheme, Help to Buy, which aims to lift construction and assist home-buyers who lack large mortgage deposits and which the BoE will review next September.
Shares in British home-building companies fell heavily after the surprise announcement.
British finance minister George Osborne said he backed the changes to the FLS scheme.
Carney earlier this week faced questions from lawmakers who are worried that a house price bubble is in the making and that Britain's economic recovery is hampered by a lack of lending to small firms.
"We should refocus the FLS so that it continues to support lending to the business sector, without adding further broad support to household lending at a time when that is no longer necessary," Carney said in a letter to Osborne.
Economic growth in the three months to September was the fastest in three years; banks have far easier access to finance and house prices are now rising at an annual rate of nearly 7% on some measures, above their long-run average.
Cheap finance
Most of the increase in house prices is concentrated in London and nearby areas, but Carney said price rises now seem to be spreading more broadly across the country and that some external forecasters predicted a 10% rise for 2014.
Under the FLS, banks and building societies are able to access cheap credit from the BoE in proportion to how much they increase lending.
The BoE said on Thursday that increases in lending to households from 1 January next year would not entitle banks to access cheap finance, although existing entitlements would not be affected.
Fees charged to banks business finance would be reduced to the lowest point on the existing scale, 0.25%..
The BoE also said that favourable capital treatment for new home loans made under the FLS would end on 31 December. Five money lenders, mostly small firms, benefit at present.
Extra capital
The BoE also signalled that it was ready to take further action to cool housing if need be, including recommending a cap on how big mortgages can be relative to property values and borrowers' salaries.
Currently the BoE lacks the power to force banks to follow its recommendations on such caps, but it could instead require banks to hold extra capital against risky lending - another option that it outlined.
Away from Britain's housing market, the BoE said a stronger economic outlook meant that risks to financial stability appeared lower.
However, risks remained as many countries, firms and individuals were highly indebted and vulnerable if a sharp rise in interest rates outpaced any increase in their incomes.
