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London - The silver market enters a new electronic era in benchmarking on Friday after a regulatory drive for more transparency in price setting brought the 117-year-old silver 'fix' to an end.
The final conference call took place on Thursday between banker-dealers in the $3bn a day London silver market in the old process of fixing the benchmark silver price.
Driving the change has been the increased scrutiny of precious metals 'fixes' by European and US watchdogs in the wake of benchmark manipulation in other financial markets.
The fixing of the silver price in London started in 1897, predating the gold process by 22 years, in the offices of Sharps & Wilkins, and also involving Mocatta & Goldsmid, Pixley & Abell and Samuel Montagu.
At that time, the cash price of silver was 27-9/16 old pennies. At 12:09 on Friday, the silver price in sterling terms stood at £11.91 per ounce.
It was only in 1999 that it became a telephone process, with HSBC, Deutsche Bank and Bank of Nova Scotia-ScotiaMocatta as fixing members.
The new price mechanism is not only electronic, auction-based and auditable; it is also tradable with an increased number of direct participants.
The process will be operated jointly by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, which provides the platform and algorithm, and administrator Thomson Reuters.
The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), which acted as a facilitator in the quest to find an alternative to the benchmark, will publish on its website volumes and participants of each daily settlement.
The LBMA said on Friday that three price participants have been accredited to contribute to the benchmark from Aug. 15 - HSBC Bank, Mitsui & Co Precious Metals and The Bank of Nova Scotia.
While a number of banks, trading houses, refiners and producers have expressed interest in contributing, "the tight schedule and the time of year has imposed time constraints on some potential participants seeking internal sign-off on the necessary credit, legal, compliance and IT requirements", the LBMA said.
"This means that not all those who have already participated in the live trials will be accredited in time to participate on 15th August," it added.
At its silver price webinar in July, the CME said that "for day one participation, we are looking at the LBMA market-makers with consistent and constant bilateral credit facilities".
Eleven institutions are LBMA market makers for gold and silver. Credit Suisse said on Thursday that it would be taking part in the new process, while UBS said in an email that "it is currently evaluating the feasibility of becoming an auction member in the near future".
Societe Generale, JPMorgan, Bank of America-Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank and Barclays declined to comment on whether they will be involved in the process. Goldman Sachs did not respond to a request for comment.
How it works
The new benchmark - used by producers, consumers and investors - will be set every day at noon, but as an online "equilibrium auction" that will be conducted over multiple auction rounds.
Like the old process, it will start with a price that reflects the spot market level. Then within each round of the auction, participants will enter their buy and/or sell orders, which will be compared at the end of each round to determine if the market is balanced or not.
To be balanced, the total of buy versus sell orders entered by all market participants need to be within a certain tolerance, which is initially three lakhs, or 300 000 ounces.
If the market is not balanced, a new suggested price is automatically calculated (moved up or down on the side of the imbalance) and a new round begins at this price.
If the market is balanced, the LBMA Silver Price is determined, and market participants then execute trades based on the buy/sell orders they entered in the last round and any at-market orders entered.
The operator and administrator will have full transparency about the names during the auction process, but participants, who can change the size of their orders at any time, cannot see the names of others.
The overhaul of the silver fix process is the first in a series of revamps of all precious metals benchmarks, including the century-old gold fix and the platinum and palladium fixes, whose operators earlier this month said were looking for a new administrator.
Some of the companies that had proposed alternatives to the silver fix said they would send their tenders for the gold market, when the request for proposals process starts at the end of August.
