He was delivering his first State of the Nation address of his second term in parliament.
He spoke with a strained voice, but managed to crack a laugh as he greeted MPs.
Zuma said South Africa needs drastic intervention to jumpstart the economy and overcome poverty, unemployment and inequality.
He sombrely acknowledged that economic growth had lagged far behind government's target and that many South Africans were struggling.
"Change will not come about without some far-reaching intervention," Zuma said.
He announced that government was mulling the introduction of a national minimum wage to reduce the income inequalities that persist in the country 20 years into democracy.