Cape Town - South Africa's economic structure still reflects
colonialism and apartheid, Congress of SA Trade Unions general secretary
Zwelinzima Vavi said on Friday.
"The main reason why we have failed to create
employment, and on the contrary have been losing jobs, is that we have remained
trapped in an economic structure which we inherited from the days of
colonialism and apartheid," he told an informal economy conference in Cape
Town.
"Like so many other former colonies, we have been
over-dependent on the export of raw materials; in South Africa's case it's
gold, platinum, coal and diamonds."
This was why Cosatu had been campaigning so strongly for a
new developmental growth path to take the country out of the economy inherited
from colonialism and apartheid and build one based on manufacturing and the
development of a skilled, well-paid labour force.
"That is the only way we can hope to achieve the
government's ambitious target of creating five million new jobs by 2020, a
target which we have to reach if we are to tackle all the problems which are
rooted in our levels of unemployment," Vavi said.
The relentless rise of unemployment, the growth of the
informal economy, and the rapid casualisation of labour were the biggest
problems facing the international labour movement.
International Labour Organisation (ILO) statistics showed
that in Africa, somewhere between 60% and 90% of the active population was now
employed in the informal economy.
In sub-Saharan Africa, if South Africa was excluded, the
share of informal employment in non-agricultural employment was 78%.
Most informal workers were women and young people who had no
other choice than the informal economy for their survival and livelihood.
Workers in the informal economy generally had no contracts,
no fixed hours, and no employment benefits such as sick pay or maternity leave.
Most were deprived of security and access to trade union membership.
"There is a tiny minority of enterprising informal
workers who can climb the first few steps to prosperity, some of them going on
to become successful entrepreneurs," Vavi said.
But for the vast majority, the informal sector meant
grinding poverty.
There was a clear correlation between working informally and
being poor, Vavi said.
Where informality was on the rise, the numbers of working
poor were increasing or remained the same, while conversely in countries where
informality was declining, the numbers of working poor were also down.
Although their individual incomes were low, cumulatively
these informal workers contributed significantly to gross domestic product
(GDP).
Vavi said the ILO had estimated that in 16 sub-Saharan countries the informal sector on average contributed 41% to GDP, ranging from 24% in Zambia to 58% in Ghana.
These figures suggested that the informal economy was not only a significant employer but was critical to local economies, he said.