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Washington - The US government slashed its estimate for fourth-quarter economic growth on Friday in the latest sign of a loss of momentum, but some tentative signs emerged that suggested the worst of the slowdown may be over.
Gross domestic product expanded at a 2.4% annual rate, the Commerce Department said, down sharply from the 3.2% pace it reported last month and the 4.1% logged in the third quarter.
The economy has faced a number of headwinds, including a 16-day shutdown of the government in October and an unusually cold winter that has weighed on activity since late December.
Growth has also been dampened by the expiration of long-term unemployment benefits, cuts to food stamps and businesses placing fewer orders with manufacturers as they work through a pile of unsold goods in their warehouses.
"I don't think the fundamentals have changed appreciably," said Ryan Sweet, a senior economist at Moody's Analytics in West Chester, Pennsylvania. "Heading into this year we knew it wasn't going to be smooth sailing."
First-quarter growth is forecast at below a 2% pace. But other data on Friday on consumer sentiment, regional factory activity and housing suggested some economic thawing, which should put growth on a stronger path later in the year.
Consumer sentiment rose modestly in February, while factory activity in the Midwest edged up after three months of slower growth. In addition, contracts to buy previously owned homes nudged up in January after being on a downward trend since July.
"That suggests some stabilization in economic activity," said Millan Mulraine, deputy chief economist at TD Securities in New York. "It bolsters the current narrative that the slowing in activity has been the result of the unseasonably cold winter conditions, which we expect to reverse in coming weeks."
The mixed data buoyed US stocks, but they gave up some gains late in the session on rising tensions in Ukraine. The Standard & Poor's 500 index closed at a record high for a second straight day.
US government debt prices fell, although they pushed off the day's lows in late trade. The dollar weakened against a basket of currencies.
Stronger 2014 growth eyed
Frigid temperatures have slammed retail sales, industrial production, residential construction and home sales, while also putting a brake on hiring early this year.
The Federal Reserve, which has been cutting back on the amount of money it is pumping into the economy through monthly bond purchases, views the recent soft patch as temporary.
Fed Chair Janet Yellen told lawmakers on Thursday the cold weather had played a role in the weakening data, and that it would take a "significant change" to the economy's prospects for the central bank to suspend plans to wind down its stimulus.
Indeed, a number of Fed officials on Friday made clear they still believed the economy was on an improving path.
"I'd still project that 2014 would have stronger GDP growth than 2013 did," even if recent signs of weakness turned out not to be weather-related, St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank President James Bullard told CNBC television.
The economy averaged growth of just 1.9% last year after expanding 2.8% in 2012.
The revision left GDP just above the economy's potential growth trend, which analysts put somewhere between a 2% and 2.3% pace. Even with the downgrade, the second-half growth pace was a solid 3.3% and a jump from 1.8% in the first six months of the year.
Consumer spending accounted for a large chunk of the revision. It grew at a 2.6% rate, not 3.3% as previously reported.
Still, it was the fastest pace since the first quarter of 2012 and it contributed 1.73 percentage points to GDP growth.
An upward revision to inflation was also a factor.
A price index in the report rose at a 1.0% rate, instead of the previously reported 0.7% rate. A core measure that strips out food and energy costs increased at a 1.3% rate, revised up from a 1.1% pace.
"While that is not runaway inflation by any means, it will certainly alleviate concerns about disinflation," said Omair Sharif, senior economist at RBS in Stamford, Connecticut.
The contribution from trade was lowered to 0.99 percentage point from 1.33 percentage points, reflecting a wider trade gap than previously estimated. Nevertheless, it was the largest contribution trade has made to GDP growth since late 2010.
Inventories, previously reported to have risen by $127.2bn in the fourth quarter, were revised down to $117.4bn. Even so, the rise in the stocks was the largest since early 1998.
"The downward revision to inventories is good news for near-term growth," said Stuart Hoffman, chief economist at PNC Financial Services in Pittsburgh.
With fewer stocks on their shelves or in their warehouses, businesses now are more likely to need to place new orders or otherwise ramp up production to meet demand.
Government spending was revised down by more than half a percentage point to show its biggest decline in a year.
Business spending was revised sharply higher. Economists said businesses likely pushed through equipment purchases to take advantage of tax credits expiring at the end of last year.
"That's going to hurt us a little bit this quarter," said Moody's Analytics' Sweet.
