Rome - Every year, almost one-third of the food produced in the world for human consumption - about 1.3 billion tonnes - is lost or wasted, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) said on Wednesday.
The FAO cited the findings of a report Global Food Losses and Food Waste, which it commissioned from the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology for Save Food!, an international congress being held in Dusseldorf next week.
The study also found that industrialised and developing countries dissipate roughly the same quantities of food - 670 and 630 million tonnes respectively.
It distinguished between what it called “food loss” and “food waste”.
The report found that food losses - occurring at the production, harvest, post-harvest and processing phases - are most important in developing countries. This is because of poor infrastructure, low levels of technology and low investment in the food production systems.
In contrast, food waste is more a of a problem in industrialised
countries, most often caused by both retailers and consumers throwing perfectly
edible foodstuffs into the trash.
Per capita waste by consumers is 95 to 115kg a year in Europe and North America, while consumers in sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia each throw away only 6 to 11kg a year.
Every year, consumers in rich countries waste almost as much
food - 222 million tonnes - as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan
Africa of 230 million tonnes, according to the report.
Fruit and vegetables plus roots and tubers have the highest
wastage rates of any food.The report offered a number of suggestions on how to
reduce losses and waste, including the need for developing countries to assist
small-scale farmers to link up directly to buyers.
The private and public sectors should also invest more in infrastructure, transportation and in processing and packaging.
In middle- and high-income countries, food losses and waste
stem largely from the tendency to “over-emphasise appearance” of products such
as fruit and vegetables.
The report cited surveys showing that consumers are willing to buy produce that does not meet appearance standards, as long as it is safe and tastes good.
“Customers thus have the power to influence quality
standards and should do so,” the report said.
Consumers in rich countries are also generally encouraged to
buy more food than they need, including “buy three, pay two” promotions and in
restaurants that offer fixed-price buffets that spur customers to heap their
plates, the report said.
Education in schools and political initiatives are possible starting points to changing consumer attitudes, the report suggested.
“Rich-country consumers should be taught that throwing food
away needlessly is unacceptable,” the FAO said.