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Istanbul - Turkish households and firms are hoarding dollars, suggesting they have little faith the lira will be spared a further emerging markets sell-off despite a massive rate hike this week.
It is adding to pressure on Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan as elections near.
The central bank raised interest rates by around 500 basis points at an emergency meeting on Tuesday despite Erdogan's vocal opposition, stunning markets and causing a spike in the battered currency.
But the lira has since erased much of those gains, returning to where it was just before the rate hike. It is still some way from Monday's record low of 2.39, however, trading at 2.2735/$.
Locals' forex holdings rose 2% to $122bn in the week to January 24, jumping 13% year-on-year, according to data from the central bank released on Thursday, suggesting they are not selling dollars as they did in the past in currency crises to benefit from a cheaper lira.
"Corporates have started buying forex for hedging purposes as they think the lira will not appreciate," said a senior forex manager at an Istanbul bank.
"Moreover, individual investors and households - who used to sell as much as $10-15bn whenever the lira depreciated - are hoarding dollars and even increasing their holdings, piling extra pressure on the lira," he said.
Ratings agency Moody's said on Friday the pressure on the currency was likely to persist despite the central bank's actions, which it said had also significantly weakened Turkey's growth prospects.
"Locals continue to accumulate FX," said Istanbul-based TEB-BNP Paribas strategist Erkin Isik, estimating Turks' total forex holdings had risen some $5bn in the past three weeks.
"It will be more difficult for the central bank to reverse this mood of local investors, if global risk sentiment remains weak," he said.
Race against time
Erdogan has said "a Plan B or a Plan C" for the economy may be announced by the government in the coming days or weeks, although his ministers have given no details, beyond saying capital controls are out of the question.
The lira fell 17% in 2013 and extended its slide this year as a graft scandal hit the government, heightening investor concern about political stability just as a gradual end to US monetary stimulus dampened appetite for emerging market assets.
The slump means Turks now need more than twice as many lira to buy dollars as they did at the currency's peak six years ago, hitting their pockets as they prepare to vote in a cycle of local, presidential and general elections beginning in March.
The lira's slide has also left Turkish firms with foreign debts badly exposed, forcing them to scrap some investments at a critical time as the government battles the corruption scandal and tries to revive economic growth.
Turkey's leading business group TUSIAD estimates that within just one month Turkish firms' foreign debt has risen 25-30% due to the currency weakness and higher risk premiums which push up borrowing costs.
The higher borrowing costs have also raised concerns about banking sector profits. The banking share index was down 2.3% in Istanbul on Friday, underperforming a 1.4% decline in the main stocks index.
All this bodes ill for an economy which has seen growth rates of 9.2% in 2010 and 8.8% in 2011 shrink to just 2.2% in 2012 and a projected 3.6% last year.
Erdogan has built his reputation around economic success since coming to power in 2002, transforming its reputation after a series of unstable coalition governments in the 1990s ran into repeated balance of payments problems and economic crises.
He is now in a race against time, hoping the pinch will not be felt before the key March local elections.
