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New Delhi - India's economy grew by 4.4% in the first three months of the fiscal year, the slowest quarterly expansion since 2009, data Friday showed, deepening the challenge facing policymakers to arrest a sliding rupee.
Analysts blamed slumping investment, stubbornly elevated inflation, high interest rates and muted export demand for the grim performance, which undershot market expectations of 4.7% year-on-year growth in the first financial quarter.
"India's economy was already fragile before the recent rout of the rupee. Given the ongoing turmoil, economic conditions look likely to get worse before they get any better," said Capital Economics economist Daniel Martin.
India has been battling to restore investor confidence in its once-booming economy and boost the value of the rupee, which has hit a string of lifetime lows against the dollar, slumping 16% so far against the US currency this year.
The April-June growth, which was slower than the 4.8% expansion logged in the previous three months, marked the third straight quarter of below five percent growth - and was less than half the double-digit level economists say is needed to reduce widespread poverty.
"The concern on the economy can hardly be overstated - the economy needs the undivided attention of policymakers," said Chandrajit Banerjee, director general of the Confederation of Indian Industry.
The Indian currency gained 1.5% to 65.70 rupees to the dollar, bolstered by reported heavy central bank intervention, while shares closed up 1.2% at 18 619 points on investor blue-chip bargain-hunting.
But the weak growth was seen as amplifying negative sentiment toward the rupee, whose tumble has come on the back of a record current-account deficit - the widest measure of trade - that has alarmed foreign investors and spurred a capital flight.
The funds exodus has also been greased by an expected end to US monetary stimulus which sparked investment flows to emerging markets.India, like many emerging markets, depends heavily on foreign capital inflows to fund its balance of payments.
India's central bank raised short-term interest rates last month to bolster the currency, but high interest rates are seen as discouraging vital investment and delaying any economic upturn.
The growth numbers underscored difficulties ahead for incoming Reserve Bank of India governor Raghuram Rajan, who takes the reins of the central bank next week.
"Rajan will certainly have his work cut out for him," said Anjalika Bardalai, analyst at research house Eurasia Group.
"The bank is having to bear the brunt of policy management, given the fact the government is still more or less paralysed because of partisan politics in the run-up to the general election next year," she added.
The growth data showed widespread weakness with manufacturing contracting by 1.2% and services and construction output slowing.
The quarterly growth was the most sluggish since early 2009, when India and the rest of the world were staggering from the onset of the global financial crisis.
The left-leaning Congress party-led government has forecast growth of 5.5% this year, up from a decade low of five percent last year -- but most economists expect it to be below five percent.
Earlier in the day, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, making his first major speech to parliament in months, said growth would "pick up in the second half," helped by strong monsoon rains that would boost harvests.
Singh, a renowned economist acclaimed for lighting the fuse for India's fast growth in the 1990s as finance minister, has been under fire as premier with his government hit by graft scandals that have sapped investor confidence.
Seeking to steady investor nerves, he said there was no danger of a repeat of India's 1991 balance of payments crisis in which a foreign-exchange strapped government pawned its gold reserves for loans from the International Monetary Fund.
Singh called the currency's plunge "a shock" but added there was no reason to believe "1991 is on the horizon."
India is faced "with important challenges but we have the capacity to address them - it is at times like these a nation shows what is truly capable of," he said.
