Publications
Partners
Johannesburg – Between 0.0005% and 0.00001% – that’s the risk one runs of becoming ill from using water from the water purification plant proposed by Western Utilities Corporation (WUC) for purifying acid mine effluent.
These figures are the risk ratios determined from testing water samples from a pilot plant over a three-year period and measuring the results – the amount of toxins they contained – according to guidelines from the department of water affairs.
The pilot plant – comprising two test facilities in which two different technological processes were evaluated – was completed in 2003 and over the next three years to end-2006 continuously subjected to large-scale testing.
The results of this research, which is regarded as exceptionally valuable intellectual property, were shown to Sake24 by an independent scientist with permission from WUC.
We were therefore not able to obtain a copy, but were permitted to examine them briefly under supervision while the results were explained by a scientist. No notes were permitted.
The results are contained in a report that sets out the testing processes at the pilot plant. The facility is on Rand Uranium’s premises near Randfontein.
The levels of radioactivity measured in the water samples carry a 1:4m risk of cancer. Percentage-wise this is 0.000025%.
Risk ratios at these levels are not in fact considered significant as they are so low as to be pure speculation, explained one of the scientists.
It had proved cumbersome to gain access to the scientists and engineers who worked on the project. At first they were unwilling to speak to Sake24.
Only after going through Golder Associates, an international environmental and engineering consultancy group, did Sake24 find them prepared to share the results on condition they were not identified.
Professor Anthony Turton – who Sake24 last week identified as marketing strategist for Trailblazer Technologies, a new company which is preparing to make a competing big for the processing of acid mine water in the Witwatersrand Basin – has since 2009 gone on the warpath against the WUC proposal and has for long misrepresented it.
In Facebook debates, Turton said in this regard that a 98% risk (implying a 98% efficacy rate) is a very high standard and probably beyond the ability of the WUC process.
A 98% risk, he said, means that two cases out of 100 or one in 50 is unacceptable. It would be wonderful if you were one of the 49 not manifesting the risk, but not so wonderful if you were one of those beginning to show symptoms of a particular toxicity.
Later on in the debate, when participants asked for a discussion on the one-in-50 risk ratio, he added as an afterthought that that had been an example, not an absolute statistic.
He also claims that WUC is using a legislative loophole to classify waste containing heavy metals as a substance that can be processed further. According to him such waste is dumped in a tailings dam and left there, where it contaminates the ecosystem.
Mining groups, and gold mines in particular, have frequently been guilty of such practices, but the recovery of metals from these materials is an integral part of WUC’s business plan in order to justify its unit costs. A plant for the extraction of every single type of metal would be constructed to that end.
Classification of the substances was not done by WUC, but by the Council for Geoscience following wide-ranging tests, including tests for acid rain runoff from a tailings dam.
Turton persists in contending that WUC’s public consultation process was inadequate. He first said so in 2009 and maintains the claim to this day.
Other interested parties involved in the public participation process said the process was nothing but impressive.
“WUC worked very hard on it,” said a prominent player.
There are only three facilities in the world that covert acid mine water into drinking water – Anglo Coal’s eMalahleni facility in Mpumalanga, the Optimum plant at the Optimum coal mine, also in Mpumalanga, and Rio Tinto’s Kennecott facility in Utah in the US.
The three all use reverse osmosis, an expensive process.
WUC’s proposed project however would use a process known as the ABC process, or the alkali-barium-calcium process. It was developed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Turton’s former employer, and is thus a South African innovation.
Some of the scientists with whom Sake24 discussed the WUC project have worked on the other two South African projects as well.
They pointed out that there was indeed some uncertainty about the retrievability of barium in the WUC process. Barium is expensive and needs to be retrieved to make it affordable, while the recovery process has not been tested as fully as is usual for a new technology.
Sake24 was told that the tests had not been as comprehensive as required for scientific purposes. Those that had been done had been successful.
But they certainly had not affected the safety standards in WUC’s water product.
Nevertheless they could have operating cost implications later, said this source, an engineer who has had a supervisory role in all three processes.
Professor Jannie Maree, chairperson of the Rand Water Chair of Water Utilisation at the Tshwane University of Technology in Pretoria, who is regarded as the foremost academic expert in the country in his field, also supervised the research and testing of WUC’s pilot plant.
“It’s my personal opinion that chemical treatment of mine discharge holds great potential for affordable water recycling. Chemical treatment of mine water should not be regarded with suspicion. The same goes for chemical desalination of mine water,” said Maree.
When confronted with such pronounements by experts, Turton said his objection to the WUC proposal is ethical. He said the political risk of processing waste water and selling it to 11 million people – the estimated number of Rand Water clients – is in his view too great.
He apparently used this argument to dissuade President Jacob Zuma and other cabinet members from accepting the WUC proposal.
These figures are the risk ratios determined from testing water samples from a pilot plant over a three-year period and measuring the results – the amount of toxins they contained – according to guidelines from the department of water affairs.
The pilot plant – comprising two test facilities in which two different technological processes were evaluated – was completed in 2003 and over the next three years to end-2006 continuously subjected to large-scale testing.
The results of this research, which is regarded as exceptionally valuable intellectual property, were shown to Sake24 by an independent scientist with permission from WUC.
We were therefore not able to obtain a copy, but were permitted to examine them briefly under supervision while the results were explained by a scientist. No notes were permitted.
The results are contained in a report that sets out the testing processes at the pilot plant. The facility is on Rand Uranium’s premises near Randfontein.
The levels of radioactivity measured in the water samples carry a 1:4m risk of cancer. Percentage-wise this is 0.000025%.
Risk ratios at these levels are not in fact considered significant as they are so low as to be pure speculation, explained one of the scientists.
It had proved cumbersome to gain access to the scientists and engineers who worked on the project. At first they were unwilling to speak to Sake24.
Only after going through Golder Associates, an international environmental and engineering consultancy group, did Sake24 find them prepared to share the results on condition they were not identified.
Professor Anthony Turton – who Sake24 last week identified as marketing strategist for Trailblazer Technologies, a new company which is preparing to make a competing big for the processing of acid mine water in the Witwatersrand Basin – has since 2009 gone on the warpath against the WUC proposal and has for long misrepresented it.
In Facebook debates, Turton said in this regard that a 98% risk (implying a 98% efficacy rate) is a very high standard and probably beyond the ability of the WUC process.
A 98% risk, he said, means that two cases out of 100 or one in 50 is unacceptable. It would be wonderful if you were one of the 49 not manifesting the risk, but not so wonderful if you were one of those beginning to show symptoms of a particular toxicity.
Later on in the debate, when participants asked for a discussion on the one-in-50 risk ratio, he added as an afterthought that that had been an example, not an absolute statistic.
He also claims that WUC is using a legislative loophole to classify waste containing heavy metals as a substance that can be processed further. According to him such waste is dumped in a tailings dam and left there, where it contaminates the ecosystem.
Mining groups, and gold mines in particular, have frequently been guilty of such practices, but the recovery of metals from these materials is an integral part of WUC’s business plan in order to justify its unit costs. A plant for the extraction of every single type of metal would be constructed to that end.
Classification of the substances was not done by WUC, but by the Council for Geoscience following wide-ranging tests, including tests for acid rain runoff from a tailings dam.
Turton persists in contending that WUC’s public consultation process was inadequate. He first said so in 2009 and maintains the claim to this day.
Other interested parties involved in the public participation process said the process was nothing but impressive.
“WUC worked very hard on it,” said a prominent player.
There are only three facilities in the world that covert acid mine water into drinking water – Anglo Coal’s eMalahleni facility in Mpumalanga, the Optimum plant at the Optimum coal mine, also in Mpumalanga, and Rio Tinto’s Kennecott facility in Utah in the US.
The three all use reverse osmosis, an expensive process.
WUC’s proposed project however would use a process known as the ABC process, or the alkali-barium-calcium process. It was developed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Turton’s former employer, and is thus a South African innovation.
Some of the scientists with whom Sake24 discussed the WUC project have worked on the other two South African projects as well.
They pointed out that there was indeed some uncertainty about the retrievability of barium in the WUC process. Barium is expensive and needs to be retrieved to make it affordable, while the recovery process has not been tested as fully as is usual for a new technology.
Sake24 was told that the tests had not been as comprehensive as required for scientific purposes. Those that had been done had been successful.
But they certainly had not affected the safety standards in WUC’s water product.
Nevertheless they could have operating cost implications later, said this source, an engineer who has had a supervisory role in all three processes.
Professor Jannie Maree, chairperson of the Rand Water Chair of Water Utilisation at the Tshwane University of Technology in Pretoria, who is regarded as the foremost academic expert in the country in his field, also supervised the research and testing of WUC’s pilot plant.
“It’s my personal opinion that chemical treatment of mine discharge holds great potential for affordable water recycling. Chemical treatment of mine water should not be regarded with suspicion. The same goes for chemical desalination of mine water,” said Maree.
When confronted with such pronounements by experts, Turton said his objection to the WUC proposal is ethical. He said the political risk of processing waste water and selling it to 11 million people – the estimated number of Rand Water clients – is in his view too great.
He apparently used this argument to dissuade President Jacob Zuma and other cabinet members from accepting the WUC proposal.
