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New York - Plunging oil prices battered oil giants' profits in the first quarter, another blow following credit downgrades, layoffs and drilling cutbacks in the wake of a long rout.
Chevron on Friday became the latest big oil company to land in the red due to low commodity prices, reporting a loss of $725m in the quarter ending March 31.
The second-biggest US oil company pledged more belt-tightening after trimming capital spending nearly 25% in the first quarter from the year-ago period, said Chevron chief executive John Watson.
"We continue to lower our cost structure with better pricing, work flow efficiencies and matching our organizational size to expected future activity levels," Watson said.
ExxonMobil, which was downgraded from the highest triple A credit rating earlier this week, managed to stay in the black with $1.8bn in profits.
But profit at the biggest oil company was 63% lower than in the year-ago period and included a loss of $76 million in its normally lucrative exploration and production business.
Both BP and ConocoPhillips reported losses earlier in the week.
The results reflect the effects of a nearly 40% drop in oil prices to under $30 a barrel for much of the first quarter amid a persistent global oversupply.
Oil prices have since risen back to around $45 a barrel, raising hopes that the first quarter could be a low point.
"This quarter is probably going to be the trough in their earnings profiles," said Nate Thooft, a senior managing director at John Hancock Asset Management.
"Later in the year, assuming oil stays at this level, or at least stays somewhat stable, this will probably be the worst quarter for energy earnings we'll see."
While results in exploration and production were particularly ugly, profits in the refining business were also bad. Chevron saw a nearly 50% decline in earnings from this area to $735m.
Cheaper oil prices usually boost refining profits because crude is a feedstock for making gasoline. But that effect was blunted in the first quarter due to weak demand for some petroleum products, such as heating oil, because of the unseasonally warm winter.
ExxonMobil also suffered a big hit to its refining profits, but got a boost from $373m rise in chemical earnings to $1.4bn. Chevron does not have a chemical business.
ExxonMobil shares were up 0.4% to $88.40 in morning trade, while Chevron fell 1.3% to $101.03.
Friday's weak earnings came on the heels of other poor results earlier in the week from other large oil companies. ConocoPhillips reported a loss of $1.5 billion, while British giant BP lost $583 million.
Both of those companies took a cautious stance on the recent rise in oil prices.
ConocoPhillips, which announced Thursday it was slashing its 2016 capital budget for a second time, said it would devote gains from higher oil prices to debt reduction before boosting its drilling budget.
"We are not in a hurry to say there is some price trigger where we are going to add back capital," said Al Hirshberg, executive vice president for production, drilling and projects.
"We will be looking at the entire macro environment, looking at supply and demand fundamentals and whether we think that any price action that we get is actually sustainable or not."
BP chief financial officer Brian Gilvary said the company expects "a modestly more favorable oil price environment in 2017 than we see today" and suggested the second half of 2016 could also see some gains from today's levels.
The reticence stems from the fact that oil inventories remain at lofty levels. A major summit of producers earlier this month in Qatar reflected the concern about low prices of Saudi Arabia, Russia and others, but still fell short of an agreement to limit output.
"I don't think oil prices are going to be materially higher from here," said Thooft. "We haven't really solved the supply issue."
