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Washington - With its purchase of Nokia's handset business, Microsoft is making a bold, risky bet to gain traction in the smartphone market after missing the tech sector's shift to mobile.
The deal worth $7.2bn gives Microsoft Nokia's mobile phone operations along with an array of patents and licences to help compete with rival platforms from Google and Apple, and manufacturers such as Samsung.
The deal is "transformational", said Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer in a conference call.
"We are trying to accelerate our phone market share," Ballmer said. "We know we need to accelerate, we are not confused about that."
Ballmer said in an email to Microsoft employees that the deal with Finland-based Nokia is "a bold step into the future and the next big phase of the transformation we announced on July 11," when the company unveiled a reorganisation to concentrate on "devices and services".
The deal also moves Nokia CEO Stephen Elop, who was hired from Microsoft in 2010 to turn the company around, back to his former firm, and makes him a likely candidate to succeed Ballmer when he retires.
But analysts were divided over whether Microsoft's move would have the intended effect.
Ross MacMillan, analyst at Jefferies, said he was generally positive about the deal, which gives Microsoft expertise in manufacturing and the supply chain, as well as an important mapping service.
MacMillan said Microsoft sees "better economics owning the hardware" and should make a profit of $40 per unit as the owner, up from $10 per unit, allowing the deal to pay off with annual smartphone sales of 50 million.
Ramon Llamas, of the research firm IDC, said the tie-up "is all about alignment".
Llamas said integrating Nokia may help by "having everything from hardware to software to applications to services" under one roof.
He added that the Microsoft-Nokia partnership "has been succeeding, but not to the degree they would like to see", and said the acquisition could help create a more unified marketing effort.
Walter Pritchard at Citi said the deal casts doubt on speculation that Microsoft might split up to concentrate on different segments, which some analysts had hoped for after Ballmer's announcement that he would retire within a year.
"This acquisition really does lock the successor into the current strategy," Pritchard said.
Tony Cripps at the research firm Ovum said Microsoft "has many of the key elements for consumer tech market success in place", but has still been struggling.
Buying Nokia's handset business "demonstrates conclusively the need for major consumer technology vendors to create ever deeper and wider offerings to consumers".
Others were sceptical about Microsoft's prospects.
"I am not sure in the long run that buying Nokia will achieve the goal of making Microsoft a leader in mobility," said Jack Gold, analyst with J Gold Associates, who argued that Microsoft risks "alienating" other manufacturers.
"I think they could have achieved the same thing through a strategic partnership with Nokia (which they already had in place) and by simply 'staking' Nokia to the funds it needed," he wrote in an email.
Trip Chowdhry at Global Equities Research said the acquisition was "nothing to get excited about" and doubted whether Microsoft can be an important player in the smartphone segment.
"Winners in the smartphone market are already declared. Ninety-five percent of the market is going to remain with Google Android and Apple," he said. "There is no third player."
"Had Microsoft acquired Nokia in 2005, we would have thought that to be ground breaking, not in 2013, when the smartphone Industry is already well defined."
Windows-based smartphones saw a 78% jump in the past year, but still held just 3.7% of the global market in the second quarter, according to research firm IDC, which gave Google's Android 79.3 percent and Apple's iOS 13.2%.
Microsoft indicated it is aiming for a 15% share in smartphones by 2018, in a market estimated at 1.7 billion unit sales.
Shares in Microsoft shed 4.55% to close at $31.88 in New York trade after the purchase was announced, while Nokia jumped 31.3% to end at $5.12.
Ted Schadler at Forrester Research said the deal indicates Microsoft is finally making a transition "from a software company to a software-led multiproduct company".
"Apple pioneered the model of vertical integration in devices: device+software+services. Google quickly mastered it.
"Microsoft has now proven that it is willing and able to make the tough decisions to make a vertically integrated product a cornerstone of its business model."
Schadler said he sees a positive outcome from the tie-up.
"Microsoft will become a significant third player in the mobile mind shift, still behind Google and Apple in market share, but a very vital competitor and supplier," he said.
