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New York - Investors are pumping millions of dollars into encryption as unease about data security drives a rising need for ways to keep unwanted eyes away from personal and corporate information.
Major data breaches at Target and other retailers have made data security a boardroom issue at companies large and small.
Stunning revelations of widespread snooping by US intelligence agencies have also rattled companies and the public.
For venture capital, that has opened up a new area of growth in the tech business.
Commodity
In February, Google Ventures led a $25.5m round of venture funding for Atlanta-based Ionic Security, a three-year old company that works in encryption, which scrambles data before it is shipped or stored.
Other encryption companies, including Toronto-based PerspecSys and San Jose, California-based CipherCloud, have announced major fundings.
The funding rush could be the start of a "golden age" of encryption, as one expert puts it, but the industry also faces barriers to a tool that until recently was not a hot commodity.
Concerns about encryption range from practical challenges, such as the difficulty users have to search their encoded data, to government opposition towards encryption.
Revolutions
"People are afraid of it because they don't understand it," said John Kindervag, a vice president and principal analyst at Forrester Research, but he called the wider use of encryption "inevitable, because there's no other way to solve the problem."
Kindervag said the industry was between one and two years away from "some big revolutions" in the field.
But Venky Ganesan, a managing director with venture capital firm Menlo Ventures, believes major advances are further off.
"Encryption slows down," Ganesan said.
"Just imagine if every room in your house was locked and you had to open and close it every time you go in. You would be frustrated."
Decrypt files
Another problem is "the government is sensitive," said Ganesan.
"They don't want encryption technology to be open so that anybody can use it, because their goal is to make sure they can always get access to the information."
He said governments have frequently insisted that they be given a master key to decrypt files, Ganesan said.
The need for better encryption vaulted to the top of the tech industry's agenda earlier this month by fugitive intelligence contractor Edward Snowden, who last year exposed the massive spying capabilities of the US national security agency.
Snowden urged industry leaders to make a "moral commitment" to safeguard customer data by integrating encryption into devices in a user-friendly way.
Technology
It's a far cry from the days when security focused on safeguarding a stolen laptop.
"It's on every corporation's and every government's mind how they protect their data and their intellectual property," said William Bowmer, a technology stock specialist at Barclays.
Wall Street appears ready to commit more money to security companies as well.
Opposition
Shares of FireEye, which reportedly alerted Target to breaches in its security network even though the company did not take action, have more than tripled from the September 2013 IPO price of $20.
Industry insiders see some encryption firms as possibilities for entering the market: Voltage Security, SafeNet, Protegrity and Vormetric Data Security.
Voltage chief executive Sathvik Krishnamurthy described the market for encryption as "thriving and growing" and said the perception of government opposition to encryption is outdated.
Encryption can be integrated into policies that incorporate the lessons of the Snowden revelations with the need to protect national security, Krishnamurthy said.
